1. History & Introduction

The 8 Limbs of Yoga, or Ashtanga Yoga, were first described by the sage Patanjali in his seminal text, the Yoga Sutras, written around 200 BCE. The term "Ashtanga" is derived from two Sanskrit words: "Ashta" meaning eight, and "Anga" meaning limb. These eight limbs serve as a guide to living a meaningful and purposeful life, focusing not just on physical postures but also on mental and spiritual well-being.

Patanjali's Yoga Sutras provide a philosophical framework for the practice of yoga, emphasizing the importance of both inner and outer discipline to achieve samadhi (enlightenment or spiritual liberation). The 8 Limbs form a holistic path that integrates ethics, physical practice, breath control, and meditation to achieve self-realization and transcendence.

2. Categorisation & Brief Description

The 8 Limbs of Yoga can be divided into three broad categories:

  1. Ethical Discipline (Yama and Niyama): Guidelines for moral behavior and self-discipline.
  2. Physical and Mental Practices (Asana, Pranayama, Pratyahara): Practices to strengthen the body, control the breath, and withdraw the senses.
  3. Higher Spiritual Practices (Dharana, Dhyana, Samadhi): Practices aimed at developing concentration, meditation, and spiritual enlightenment.

Here is a brief overview of each limb:

Limb Meaning Purpose
1. Yama Ethical restraints Guidelines for social conduct
2. Niyama Personal discipline Guidelines for self-discipline and self-care
3. Asana Physical postures Strengthens the body and prepares it for meditation
4. Pranayama Breath control Regulates the flow of life energy (prana)
5. Pratyahara Withdrawal of senses Helps turn attention inward, away from distractions
6. Dharana Concentration Develops focus and concentration on a single point
7. Dhyana Meditation Sustained, mindful meditation leading to awareness
8. Samadhi Enlightenment Ultimate spiritual liberation and unity with the divine

3. Detailed Description of Each Limb

1. Yama (Ethical Restraints)

Yamas are moral principles that govern interactions with others. They promote harmony in society and help practitioners avoid negative behaviors.

The five Yamas are: